The endocannabinoid system – What is it? What does it do?

The Endocannabinoid System

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a complex network of receptors, neurotransmitters, and enzymes that plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis in the body. The discovery of the ECS has shed new light on how the body regulates various physiological processes, including pain, mood, appetite, and immune function.

The Discovery of CB1 & CB2 Receptors

The ECS was first discovered in the 1990s by researchers Dr. Raphael Mechoulam and Dr. William Devane. They were studying the effects of the psychotropic compound tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in marijuana when they discovered the presence of a specific receptor in the brain and immune system that binds to THC. This receptor, known as the CB1 receptor, is activated by THC and other compounds found in marijuana, such as cannabidiol (CBD).

Further research led to the discovery of a second receptor, known as the CB2 receptor, which is primarily found in the immune system. The discovery of these receptors led to the identification of the body’s own compounds that bind to them, known as endocannabinoids. The two main endocannabinoids identified so far are anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). However, more in-depth study into these receptors could help us understand better as to what exactly does CBD do to you and the role it plays along with many other cannabinoids in relation to our endocannabinoid system.

The role of the endocannabinoid system

The ECS plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis in the body by regulating various physiological processes. For example, the CB1 receptors in the brain are involved in regulating mood, appetite, and pain perception. The CB2 receptors in the immune system are involved in regulating inflammation and immune function.

Anandamide and 2-AG, the two main endocannabinoids, are synthesised on-demand and are not stored in the body. They act as signalling molecules that bind to the CB1 and CB2 receptors to regulate various physiological processes. The body also has enzymes that break down the endocannabinoids after they have fulfilled their role.

The ECS is also affected by external compounds, such as those found in marijuana. THC, the psychotropic compound in marijuana, binds to the CB1 receptors in the brain and causes the characteristic “high” associated with marijuana use. CBD, on the other hand, is non-psychotropic compound and has been shown to have a perceived ability to support the body, specifically the endocannabinoid system.

The discovery of the ECS has led to the development of new therapeutic strategies for a variety of health conditions. For example, drugs that target the CB1 receptors in the brain are being developed as potential treatments for conditions such as obesity, addiction, and chronic pain. CBD has also been studied as a potential treatment for various conditions, however, as previously mentioned, further study is required to understand what CBD can do for you.

Summary

In conclusion, the discovery of the endocannabinoid system has led to a greater understanding of how the body regulates various physiological processes and has opened up new therapeutic opportunities for a variety of health conditions. The ECS is a complex network of receptors, neurotransmitters, and enzymes that plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis in the body. Further research on the ECS is likely to lead to the development of new and more effective treatments for a variety of health conditions.